Panavia Tornado: Strike, Anti-Ship, Air Superiority, Air Defence, Reconnaissance & Electronic Warfare Fighter Bomber
By Dave Windle and Martin W. Bowman
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Dave Windle
Dave Windle has gained the reputation of being Britain’s most skilful creator of aircraft profiles. He draws upon his service with the RAF to maintain complete accuracy. Lives near Aberdeen. Martin Bowman is one of Britain’s foremost aviation historians and has written many books and articles. He lives in Norwich.
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Panavia Tornado - Dave Windle
F.2 ZA254, the first of three air-defence variant (ADV) prototypes, with six semi-recessed Sky Flash missiles under the lengthened fuselage, with Foxhunter radar in the nose. Developed from the Tornado IDS for a wholly RAF requirement, the ADV was optimised for long-range interception. The F.2 was an interim aircraft which initially equipped the OCU, but never entered squadron service. (BAe)
e9781783461196_i0002.jpgFirst published in Great Britain in 2010 by
PEN & SWORD AVIATION
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Pen & Sword Books Ltd
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Barnsley
South Yorkshire
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Copyright © Dave Windle & Martin W. Bowman, 2010
9781783461196
The right of Dave Windle & Martin W. Bowman to be identified as Authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
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Table of Contents
Title Page
Copyright Page
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
PANAVIA TORNADO
PROFILES OF FLIGHT - PANAVIA TORNADO GR1, GR1P, GR4, GR4A, IDS, ECR, F3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I am indebted to Bernard Noble and his son Kevin Noble for their kind permission to adapt material from Noble Endeavours (Three Generations of RAF Pilots) (1998), which details the varied and successful careers of both these remarkable RAF pilots. The vivid descriptions of Tornado operations and training have been adapted from this family‘bible’. Bernard joined the RAF as an apprentice in 1946, and was a serving RAF officer until retirement in 1994 with the rank of squadron leader. Prior to joining the Tornado force, Kevin Noble was a Jaguar pilot in RAF Germany, and this period of his remarkable career is featured in SEPECAT Jaguar: Tactical Support & Maritime Strike Fighter by Martin W. Bowman (Pen & Sword 2007). His earlier career on the BAe Hawk is also featured in the Profiles of Flight series. At the time of writing Kevin is a 747 commercial airline captain with British Airways. I am also most grateful to BAe; Ed Bulpett; MBB; Nigel McTeer, Tony Paxton and Graham Simons of GMS.
e9781783461196_i0003.jpgA Tornado being prepared for flight at RAF Cottesmore. Behind is 43+01 ‘G-21’. (GMS)
PANAVIA TORNADO
In 1965 British Aircraft Corporation (BAC) and Dassault agreed to collaborate on an AFVG (Anglo-French Variable Geometry) proposal, and a Memorandum of Understanding was signed on 17 May 1965. The AFVG was to be a multi-role aircraft for use by the air forces and naval air arms of both Britain and France. A full-scale mock-up was assembled at BAC Warton, but on 29 June 1967 France withdrew from the project and the UK government sought out other likely European partners for a collaborative aircraft project designated MRA-75 (Multi-Role Aircraft for 1975). Germany and Italy joined the Tornado programme after a meeting on 19 October 1967 at Fürstenfeldbruck, near Munich, when the Chiefs of Staff of the Belgian, Dutch, West German and Italian air forces met to discuss a possible replacement for their Lockheed F-104 Starfighters. In Britain the main purpose of the Interdictor Strike (IDS) version was to provide a replacement for the Vulcan and Buccaneer and Canberra in the overland strike, maritime strike and reconnaissance roles respectively. An air-defence variant would replace the Phantoms and Lightnings in both the UK and Germany.
In July 1970 the British and West German governments went ahead with a Multi-Role Combat Aircraft (MRCA), and they were joined two months later by Italy. On 26 March 1969 a new multinational company, Panavia GmbH, had been formed in Munich to oversee the activities of Aeritalia of Turin in Italy, BAC at Warton and Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm (MBB) at Augsburg in West Germany, who would jointly build the new aircraft. BAC and MBB each took a 42.5% share in the new company. In Italy Fiat took a 15% share (in June the Netherlands pulled out of the programme).
e9781783461196_i0004.jpgP.04 D-9542, the fourth Tornado prototype, which first flew on 2 September 1975, firing a Kormoran anti-ship missile. P.01, the first prototype (D-9591) flew on 14 August 1974. D-9542 was destroyed in a flying accident in April