A Practical Guide for IoT Solution Architects
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About this ebook
I authored this book to provide a simplified practical guide and insightful advice for a selected target group, which we can call 'IoT Solution Architects'. If you search the internet for the term IoT (Internet of Things), you may come across hundreds of publications in the form of books, papers, blogs and other resources about IoT on the market. This book does not repeat the information covered in those publications. It offers a unique perspective and focus based on practical experience.
My purpose is to explain IoT in the simplest possible terms using established architectural framework for creating
customised IoT solutions. This is a concise, practical, vendor and technology agnostic solution architecture guide for IoT architects
The framework covers crucial several business concerns that can guide the IoT solution architects that include security, availability, performance, speed to market and cost-effectiveness of the solutions or services at hand.
In the IoT literature, researchers have stated that these significant concerns are shared by many business executives dealing with IoT products and services. Therefore, in this book, I have reviewed these concerns systematically and presented practical advice to the IoT Solution Architects in terms of how to deal with these concerns using architectural knowledge, skills, and experience.
The focus of this book is to provide IoT solution architects with simplified practical guidance and a unique perspective. Solution architects working in IoT ecosystems have an unprecedented level of responsibility at work; therefore, dealing with IoT ecosystems can be daunting for many of us.
As an experienced practitioner of this topic, I understand the challenges faced by the IoT solution architects. Thereby, I have reflected upon my insights based on my solution architecture experience spread across three decades. In addition, this book can also guide other architects and designers who want to learn the architectural aspects of IoT and understand the key challenges and practical resolutions in IoT solution architectures. Each chapter focuses on the key aspects that form the framing scope for this book; namely, security, availability, performance, agility, and cost-effectiveness.
I have also provided useful definitions, a brief practical background on IoT and a guiding chapter on solution architecture development. The content simplified and is mainly practical; hence, it can be applied or be a supplemental input to the architectural projects at hand.
Dr Mehmet Yildiz
Dr Mehmet Yildiz is a Distinguished Enterprise Architect L3 certified from the Open Group. Working in the IT industry over the last 35 years leading complex enterprise projects for large corporate organisations, he recently focuses on cutting edge technology solutions, such as IoT, Blockchain, Cognitive, Cloud, Fog, and Edge Computing integration. Mehmet is a hands-on practitioner for solution architectures leading complex enterprise initiatives and an Agile champion. As an innovation evangelist in all walks of life, he is also a recognized inventor with several patents. Mehmet teaches the best architectural practices at work, mentors his colleagues, supervises doctoral students, and provides industry-level lectures to postgraduate students at several universities in Australia. You can follow and connect with the author at Linkedin https://www.linkedin.com/in/mehmetyildiz Goodreads: https://www.goodreads.com/drmehmetyildiz
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A Practical Guide for IoT Solution Architects - Dr Mehmet Yildiz
A Practical Guide for IoT Solution Architects
Architecting secure, agile, economic, highly available, well-performing IoT solutions
Dr Mehmet Yildiz
Distinguished Enterprise Architect
Second Edition, November 2019
Copyright © Dr Mehmet Yildiz
Publisher: S.T.E.P.S. Publishing Australia
Contact Author https://digitalmehmet.com
P.O Box 2097, Roxburgh Park, Victoria, 3064 Australia
info@stepsconsulting.com.au
Edited by Mark Longfield
Disclaimer
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be produced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, printing, recording or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher. All other trademarks or registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. This book is provided with information purposes only. Although the publisher, author and editors have made every effort to ensure that the information in this book was accurate and correct during the publishing process, the publisher, author and editors do not assume and hereby disclaim any liability to any party for any loss, damage, or disruption caused by errors or omissions; whether such errors or omissions result from negligence, accident, or any other causes. Use of the information, instructions and guidance contained in this book is at readers own risk.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 – Introduction
Purpose
The focus
Audience
Importance of IoT
Solution Approach and Context
Defining IoT for Solution Architects
The Big Deal for IoT
Benefits and Value Propositions of IoT
Important Points Excluded this Book
Chapter Summary and Key Points
Chapter 2: Context and Components of IoT Ecosystem
The IoT Context
The IoT Ecosystem Players
Things of IoT
IoT End-Users
IoT Gateways
IoT Cloud
IoT Platforms
IoT Systems Layout
IoT Hardware
The Things of IoT
Edge Devices
IoT Storage
IoT Analytics Computation
End-user Devices and Communication
Prototyping Boards
APIs for IoT
IoT Standards
IoT Standard Protocols
IoT Applications
IoT Communication Patterns
Chapter Summary and Take Away Points
Chapter 3: A Practical Approach for IoT Architectural Solutions
Purpose
An Overview of a Solution Architecture
Architectural Domains for IoT Solutions
Methodical Approach for IoT Solutions
Architectural Strategy for IoT Solution
IoT Solution Requirements
Functional & Non-Functional Requirements
Mobility Challenges
Scalability & Capacity Challenges
Interoperability Challenges
IoT Connectivity
Importance of Architectural Decisions for IoT Solutions
Use Cases in IoT Solutions
Viability Assessment for IoT Solutions
Architectural Models for IoT Solutions
Trade-Offs for IoT Solutions
Specifications for IoT Solutions
Reference Architectures
Chapter Summary and Take Away Points
Chapter 4: Security Architecture for IoT
Importance of IoT Security
Analysing Security Requirements
Security Risks, Issues, Dependencies and Constraints
Creating a Comprehensive Security Model
Security Designs for Different Phases of the Solution
Layer by Layer Security Review Approach
Life Cycle Management
Privacy Concerns
Unique IoT Security Concerns
IoT Protocol Security
Security by Blockchain-Enabled IoT
Developing Criteria for Security Measures
Ethical Hacking for IoT Security
Security Hardening
Cognitive Security for IoT
Systematic Security Walkthrough
Consumer Awareness
Effective Authentication
End to End Encryption
IoT High-Level Security Principles
IoT Security and Compliance Framework
Chapter Summary and Key Points
Chapter 5: Agile Approach for IoT Solutions
Purpose of Using Agile for IoT
An Introduction to Agile Methods
Considerations for Agile IoT Solutions
Chapter Summary and Key Points
Chapter 6: Availability & Performance for IoT Solutions
Availability & Performance Overview
Importance of an Availability & Performance Model
Top-down & Bottom-up Approach
Performance & Availability Integration
Service & System Management for Performance & Availability
Constraints & Impediments
IoT Sensors and EndPoints
Network Bottlenecks
IoT Gateways
Impact of Massive IoT Data
Protocols and Communications
Application Performance and Availability
IoT Development Tools
Chapter Summary and Key Points
Chapter 7: Effective Cost Model for IoT
Importance of Cost Awareness for IoT solution architects
Service Level Costs
Cost Implications for Availability & Performance
Solution Costs
Cost for Devices
Cost Impact of IoT Protocols
Contribution to Cost-Effectiveness
Chapter Summary and Key Points
Chapter 8: Further learning for IoT solution architects
Working with Popular IoT Vendor Technologies and Environments
Chapter Summary and Key Points
Chapter 9: Conclusions and Actions for IoT solution architects
Summary and Conclusions
Recommended Actions for IoT solution architects
Final Words
Appendices
Appendix 1: Acronyms
APPENDIX 2: USEFUL IOT LINKS
Other Books in This Series
Architecting Big Data Solutions Integrated with IoT & Cloud:
Create strategic business insights with agility
Architecting Digital Transformation
A Technical Excellence Framework for Innovative Digital Transformation Leadership
Transform enterprise with technical excellence, innovation, simplicity, agility, fusion, and collaboration
A Modern Enterprise Architecture Approach
Digital Intelligence
About the Author
Chapter 1 – Introduction
Purpose
I AUTHORED THIS BOOK to provide a simplified practical guide and insightful advice for a selected target group, which we can call ‘IoT Solution Architects’. If you search the internet for the term IoT (Internet of Things), you may come across hundreds of publications in the form of books, papers, blogs and other resources about IoT on the market. This book does not repeat the information covered in those publications. It offers a unique perspective and focus based on practical experience.
My purpose is to explain IoT in the simplest possible terms using established architectural framework for creating
customised IoT solutions. This is a concise, practical, vendor and technology agnostic solution architecture guide for IoT architects
The framework covers crucial several business concerns that can guide the IoT solution architects that include security, availability, performance, speed to market and cost-effectiveness of the solutions or services at hand.
In the IoT literature, researchers have stated that these significant concerns are shared by many business executives dealing with IoT products and services. Therefore, in this book, I have reviewed these concerns systematically and presented practical advice to the IoT Solution Architects in terms of how to deal with these concerns using architectural knowledge, skills, and experience.
The focus
THE FOCUS OF THIS BOOK is to provide IoT solution architects with simplified practical guidance and a unique perspective. Solution architects working in IoT ecosystems have an unprecedented level of responsibility at work; therefore, dealing with IoT ecosystems can be daunting for many of us.
As an experienced practitioner of this topic, I understand the challenges faced by the IoT solution architects. Thereby, I have reflected upon my insights based on my solution architecture experience spread across three decades. In addition, this book can also guide other architects and designers who want to learn the architectural aspects of IoT and understand the key challenges and practical resolutions in IoT solution architectures. Each chapter focuses on the key aspects that form the framing scope for this book; namely, security, availability, performance, agility, and cost-effectiveness.
I have also provided useful definitions, a brief practical background on IoT and a guiding chapter on solution architecture development. The content simplified and is mainly practical; hence, it can be applied or be a supplemental input to the architectural projects at hand.
Audience
THE INTENDED AUDIENCE for this book comprises information technology architects starting to produce IoT solutions, enterprise architects who want to understand the IoT solution development in large organisations and other IT professionals who wish to become IoT solution architects to produce solutions in IoT ecosystems.
It is important to state that this book covers architectural breadth rather than specialist level depth for IoT ecosystem building. There are some references to obtain those specialist level details from other sources, a myriad of other publications and programs developed in the IoT field on the market. IoT is a fast-growing field with a wealth of emerging literature from multiple angles and depth.
In this book, I have assumed that, as a solution architect, the reader is aware of architectural frameworks and has experience in business, data, application and technical architecture. For example, a knowledge of TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture Framework) can be beneficial, but it is not essential. I highly recommend that solution architects can articulate solutions and produce architectural models and frameworks using at least one single method. In this case, TOGAF can be a good start as it is open-source and can be learned freely. There are also commercial courses to speed up the learning of TOGAF.
In addition, this book offers a chapter on continuous learning for IoT solution architects. This book can also be a guiding reference to the CTOs (Chief Technology Officers), CDO (Chief Digital Officers), CIOs (Chief Information Officers), Head of Technology responsible for IoT ecosystems end to end.
Importance of IoT
IOT IS GAINING ATTENTION and is vital because IoT technology and solutions change the things we perceive and experience in our homes, at workplaces, and in all walks of life. IoT solutions transform our environments to new levels by introducing novel frameworks and new functionalities that can have a profound impact on our lives.
This new technology and its integrated solutions allow the physical and virtual devices to have multiple human-like senses, such as hearing, seeing, thinking, and most interestingly, making decisions on behalf of human beings. This is a non-trivial situation and a fact that may concern each individual and society at various levels.
We can use IoT applications in all walks of life. From the perspectives of functionality and usability, IoT technology and its integrated solutions could save our lives, improve the quality of our lives and reduce day-to-day stress.
What is novel about IoT technologies and solutions is that they allow things,
or more precisely, devices that are not computers, to act intelligently and make collaborative decisions that are beneficial to many applications in various domains.
To further emphasise this point, IoT solutions allow things to hear, see, think or act by allowing them to communicate