Discover millions of ebooks, audiobooks, and so much more with a free trial

Only $11.99/month after trial. Cancel anytime.

Orthodontic Handbook for Dental Assistants
Orthodontic Handbook for Dental Assistants
Orthodontic Handbook for Dental Assistants
Ebook371 pages3 hours

Orthodontic Handbook for Dental Assistants

Rating: 1 out of 5 stars

1/5

()

Read preview

About this ebook

This handbook covers the basic knowledge of orthodontics and orthodontic treatment necessary for dental assistants, presented with photographs and illustrations that will make topics easy to understand. Each chapter begins with learning objectives and ends with a quiz so that readers can get the most out of the materials presented. Topics include the many types of oral conditions and malocclusion that dental assistants may come across and strategies to correct them, interacting with patients of different ages and levels of oral hygiene, and all of the different tools and appliances that will be used on a daily basis. This practical manual is invaluable not only for students but for practicing dental assistants and hygienists who want a concise and useful guide to reference in their work.
LanguageEnglish
Release dateOct 29, 2019
ISBN9780867159226
Orthodontic Handbook for Dental Assistants

Related to Orthodontic Handbook for Dental Assistants

Related ebooks

Medical For You

View More

Related articles

Reviews for Orthodontic Handbook for Dental Assistants

Rating: 1 out of 5 stars
1/5

1 rating0 reviews

What did you think?

Tap to rate

Review must be at least 10 words

    Book preview

    Orthodontic Handbook for Dental Assistants - Kazutaka Kasai

    ©2018 Quintessence Publishing Co, Inc

    Quintessence Publishing Co Inc

    4350 Chandler Drive

    Hanover Park, IL 60133

    www.quintpub.com

    5 4 3 2 1

    ISBN 978-0-86715-744-4

    All rights reserved. This book or any part thereof may not be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher.

    Editor: Marieke Zaffron

    Production: Angelina Schmelter

    Preface

    Contributors

    1Introduction to Orthodontics

    What is Orthodontics?

    The Purpose of Orthodontics

    Significance of Orthodontic Treatment

    The Role of the Dental Assistant in Orthodontic Treatment

    Dental Hygiene Practice for Orthodontic Patients

    Orthodontic Treatment of Different Conditions

    2Growth and Development

    What are Growth and Development?

    Craniofacial Growth and Development

    Development of Tooth Alignment and Occlusion

    Development of Oral Function

    3Occlusion

    Normal Occlusion

    Establishment of Normal Occlusion

    Malocclusion

    Disorders Caused by Malocclusion

    4Orthodontic Diagnosis

    The Flow of Orthodontic Treatment

    Necessary Analysis for Treatment

    Case Analysis

    5Orthodontic Forces and Craniofacial Orthopedic Forces

    Orthodontic Force

    Types of Tooth Movement

    Biologic Tissue Change with Tooth Movement

    Anchorage

    6Orthodontic Treatment Materials and Instruments

    Orthodontic Treatment Materials

    Orthodontic Instruments and Devices

    Assisting Orthodontic Treatment and Providing Patient Instruction

    7Orthodontic Appliances and Orthodontic Treatment

    Types of Orthodontic Appliances and Their Features

    Retention

    Complications of Orthodontic Treatment

    8Clinical Case Presentations of Orthodontic Treatment

    Crowding

    Maxillary Protrusion

    Mandibular Protraction

    Maxillary and Mandibular Protraction

    Overbite

    Open Bite

    Crossbite

    Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate

    Jaw Deformity

    Minor Tooth Movement

    Impacted Teeth and Abnormal Number of Teeth

    9Oral Hygiene During Orthodontic Treatment

    Oral Hygiene During Orthodontic Treatment

    Plaque Control

    Instruction on Eating Habits

    Steps of Oral Hygiene Management

    Oral Myofunctional Therapy

    Appendix

    Recommended Reading

    Orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics is the dental specialty that includes the diagnosis, prevention, interception, and correction of malocclusion and neuromuscular and skeletal abnormalities of the developing or mature orofacial structures. The number of dentists who provide orthodontic treatment is rapidly increasing, and with it the need for orthodontic assistants who understand the fundamental concepts and clinical aspects of orthodontics. This textbook contains the scientifically oriented facts and clinical fundamentals required for dental assistants’ education.

    At the beginning of the each chapter, the learning objectives are listed, and at the end of the each chapter, a review quiz is available to evaluate proficiency. Learning should be completed with preparation and review. The textbook covers deeper subjects for enhanced comprehension.

    We hope that this textbook will help the dental assistant learn aspects of not only orthodontics but also dentistry in general, with a focus on good communication between dentists and individuals dedicated to public health.

    Kazuhito Arai, DDS, DDSc

    Professor and Chair

    School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo

    The Nippon Dental University

    Tokyo, Japan

    Yasuyuki Iizuka, DDS, PhD

    Assistant Professor

    School of Dentistry

    Iwate Medical University

    Morioka, Japan

    Kazutaka Kasai, DDS, PhD

    Specially Appointed Professor

    School of Dentistry at Matsudo

    Nihon University

    Matsudo, Japan

    Tomoe Komori, BCom, RDH

    Part-time Lecturer

    The Nippon Dental University College at Tokyo

    Tokyo, Japan

    Kotaro Maki, DDS, PhD

    Professor

    School of Dentistry

    Showa University

    Tokyo, Japan

    Naoyuki Matsumoto, DDS, PhD

    Professor

    School of Dentistry

    Osaka Dental University

    Hirakata, Japan

    Hisayo Mayama, DDS, PhD

    Associate Professor

    School of Dentistry

    Iwate Medical University

    Morioka, Japan

    Hiroyuki Miura, DDS, PhD

    Vice President, Dean

    Professor

    School of Dentistry

    Iwate Medical University

    Morioka, Japan

    Takuma Mizukawa, DDS, PhD

    Director

    Motomiya Mizukawa Orthodontic Clinic

    Morioka, Japan

    Yoshiki Nakamura, DDS, PhD

    Professor Emeritus

    Tsurumi University

    Yokohama, Japan

    Souichiro Oda, DDS, PhD

    Oda Orthodontics

    Tokyo, Japan

    Takashi Ono, DDS, PhD

    Professor

    Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences

    Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)

    Tokyo, Japan

    Kazurou Satoh, DDS, PhD

    Professor

    School of Dentistry

    Iwate Medical University

    Morioka, Japan

    Naoto Suda, DDS, PhD

    Professor and Chair

    School of Dentistry

    Meikai University

    Sakado, Japan

    Akihiro Suzuki, DDS, PhD

    Assistant Professor

    School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo

    The Nippon Dental University

    Tokyo, Japan

    Osamu Takahashi, DDS, PhD

    Director

    Takahashi Orthodontic Clinic

    Tokyo, Japan

    Kae Wakabayashi, DDS, PhD

    NAKANO Orthodontic Clinic

    Morioka, Japan

    Hiroyuki Yamada, DDS, PhD

    Director

    Aile Dental Clinic

    Maebashi, Japan

    Tetsutaro Yamaguchi, DDS, PhD

    Professor

    School of Dentistry

    Kanagawa Dental University

    Yokosuka, Japan

    LEARNING OBJECTIVES

    •Understand the field of orthodontics.

    •Understand the definition of orthodontic treatment .

    •Understand the purpose of orthodontic treatment.

    •Understand the definition of malocclusion .

    •Understand the adverse effects of not managing malocclusion.

    •Understand the role of the dental assistant in orthodontic treatment.

    What is Orthodontics?

    Most people are familiar with orthodontic treatment. A lot of information can be acquired online or in books; therefore, awareness of orthodontics is relatively high. The definition of orthodontics is the treatment of irregularities in the teeth and jaws. But how does the public perceive orthodontic treatment in modern society?

    An awareness survey of teeth alignment and orthodontic treatment involving 1,000 men and women aged 10 to 50 years showed that most people think that tooth alignment determines one’s first impression and is therefore important for facial esthetics. The survey also showed, however, that people’s knowledge of the symptoms of tooth malalignment was quite low. Dental professionals should understand that orthodontic treatment is not only for facial esthetics.

    The term malocclusion in orthodontics is defined as the misalignment of teeth or the incorrect relationship between maxillary teeth and mandibular teeth in intercuspation. Many variables cause malocclusion, classifying it as a syndrome. For example, simple malocclusion can be caused by oral habits such as mouth breathing or thumb sucking, whereas more severe malocclusion can be caused by congenital or acquired medical conditions, facial trauma, or severe periodontal disease (Fig 1-1). However, the condition can still be diagnosed as malocclusion regardless of the causes and symptoms. Irregular occlusion can occur at a variety of ages and with a variety of severities and states of oral function. Orthodontic treatment should be appropriate to the stage of physiologic and morphologic components of the condition, as well as the stage of the patient’s mental development.

    Fig 1-1 Origins of malocclusion.

    Orthodontics involves the study of dental growth and development, including research of dental arches and occlusal growth and development throughout a person’s life. It also involves the field of oral functional systems, including research of morphologic and functional improvement.

    Orthodontics in modern society can be defined as follows:

    Orthodontics is a dental specialty field that embraces research and study of the management of teeth malalignment and malocclusion. The purpose of orthodontics should be to provide healthy functional and esthetic dental arch and occlusion to patients to improve their quality of life.

    The Purpose of Orthodontics

    As previously stated, orthodontics is a specialty that treats patients’ malalignment and malocclusion in the dental arches. Malocclusion has several variables, and considerable complications may arise if it is left untreated (see Fig 1-2).

    Fig 1-2 Representative malocclusion. (a) Crowding. As a result of an irregular tooth, the positional abnormality of individual teeth spans several teeth. (b) Maxillary overjet. The maxillary anterior teeth are markedly inclined to the labial. (c) Mandibular underbite. The maxillary and mandibular occlusion is reversed. (d) Crossover occlusion (crossbite). Maxillary and mandibular occlusions are laterally displaced. (e) Open bite. The anterior teeth are not in contact even in the occlusal position. (f) Overbite. The state of occlusion is so deep that the mandibular anterior teeth cannot be seen at the occlusal position.

    The eight objectives of orthodontic treatment are as follows:

    •Prevention of dental decay.

    •Prevention of periodontal disease. If malocclusion is untreated, dental decay and periodontal disease may occur easily because of the difficulty of maintaining sufficient oral hygiene. Also, malocclusion makes dental decay management difficult for the dentist ( Fig 1-2a ).

    •Prevention of oral trauma. Patients with maxillary protrusion have a high tendency to undergo maxillary anterior teeth trauma (fracture or avulsion) during sports ( Fig 1-2b ).

    •Improvement of speech difficulties. Mandibular protrusion ( Fig 1-2c ) and open bite ( Fig 1-2e ) may cause speech difficulty with the following sounds: s, z, p, b, m, w, t, d, and n.

    •Improvement of mandibular movement. Crossbite ( Fig 1-2d ) and overbite ( Fig 1-2f ) may cause unwanted posterior and lateral mandibular movement, which may in turn become precursors to a temporomandibular disorder.

    •Improvement of breathing disorders. Patients who have abnormal craniofacial development, such as a retropositioned or small mandible, are known to have a high frequency of sleep apnea. Sleep apnea can also be found in children with large adenoids.

    •Improvement of masticatory and swallowing dysfunction. Masticatory dysfunction frequently occurs in patients with mandibular protrusion because their maxillary and mandibular teeth cannot have normal contact during mastication. Tongue thrusting during swallowing is found frequently in patients with open bite.

    •Improvement of facial esthetics. The patient’s attitude can be positively altered by improving his or her tooth alignment and facial esthetics. Although all objectives of orthodontic treatment are important, the patient will not be satisfied unless he or she is happy with the esthetic result.

    Significance of Orthodontic Treatment

    The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Considering this definition, orthodontic treatment should contribute to a patient’s physical, mental, and social well-being and improve the patient’s quality of life by achieving all eight objectives of orthodontic treatment listed in the previous section.

    However, as the structure of modern society changes constantly, orthodontic treatment needs to be modified accordingly.

    Diversification of patients

    Although dental professionals will continue to see an increase in older orthodontic patients, younger patients still require orthodontic treatment. Congenital malocclusion patients, for example, will need to be managed by the orthodontist from birth. Also, orthodontic treatment for developing children will always be in demand. Orthodontic treatment will have more diversification in modern society. It is important to understand the changes in society and to provide orthodontic treatment accordingly.

    The Role of the Dental Assistant in Orthodontic Treatment

    Orthodontic treatment in modern society is diverse and depends on the patient’s age and chief complaint; therefore, treatment considerations can vary. It is easy to understand that treatment considerations differ for adult, infant, and child patients. Communication with the guardian is very important for orthodontic treatment in infants and children. It is also important that the treatment accommodate any age group and that any treatment anxiety be eliminated. Orthodontic treatment should be carried out in accordance with evidence-based medicine (EBM). However, because the treatment can last a long time, it should be also carried out in accordance with narrative-based medicine (NBM), which focuses on the patient’s demand and complaint. It is important that medical professionals display kindness and compassion to patients and that they provide safe, reassuring, and consented medical treatment.

    Dental assistants as well as dental hygienists primarily provide dental health guidance and dental treatment assistance to patients based on the philosophies of dental disease prevention and oral hygiene. However, dental assistants also have a role in orthodontic treatment. The roles and characteristics of the dental assistant in the orthodontic treatment are briefly summarized in the following sections.

    Management and instruction of oral hygiene

    •Oral hygiene instruction and management for the orthodontic patient. The importance of oral hygiene practice during treatment and the instruction of orthodontic devices needs to be explained to the patient before orthodontic treatment begins.

    •Actual oral hygiene instruction including brushing and oral hygiene management ( Fig 1-3). Because orthodontic patients have some kind of orthodontic devices in their mouth, oral hygiene instruction including brushing needs to be modified accordingly.

    •Preventive instruction. Dental decay prevention during orthodontic treatment should be instructed and should include topical fluoride treatment or a fluoride rinse ( Fig 1-4).

    •Dietary and eating instruction. Instructions for diet and eating need to be provided to the orthodontic patient. This instruction should cover nutrition as well as characteristics of the food that the orthodontic patient consumes.

    Fig 1-3 Images showing (a) professional mechanical tooth cleaning and (b) oral hygiene instruction immediately after placement of a multibracket appliance.

    Fig 1-4 Intraoral images of a patient receiving multibracket treatment immediately after plaque staining (a) and professional mechanical tooth cleaning (b).

    Instruction of oral function

    Oral myofunctional therapy improves oral function. Open bite or maxillary protrusion may occur in children as a result of thumb-sucking or tongue-thrusting habits. Oral myofunctional therapy is quite effective as a supplemental therapy for those patients.

    Assisting with treatment

    Dental assistants also provide support to dentists performing orthodontic treatment. They may assist with:

    •Orthodontic device insertion

    Multibracket appliance

    Enjoying the preview?
    Page 1 of 1