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    2012 Home Builders' Jobsite Codes
    2012 Home Builders' Jobsite Codes
    2012 Home Builders' Jobsite Codes
    Ebook267 pages3 hours

    2012 Home Builders' Jobsite Codes

    By Steve Van Note

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    About this ebook

    A portable companion to the International Residential Code, this quick reference discusses the impact of 2012 code changes to ventilation requirements, wall construction, duct sealing, and other areas. It also details new fire safety and hurricane protection measures. More than 100 detailed illustrations, useful tables, figures, and a glossary are included to facilitate your understanding of the codes.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherBuilderBooks
    Release dateJan 1, 2013
    ISBN9780867186994
    2012 Home Builders' Jobsite Codes

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      2012 Home Builders' Jobsite Codes - Steve Van Note

      (422-7233).

      1

      Structural Design Criteria

      The IRC establishes minimum structural design criteria necessary to accommodate normal loads placed on a building and, depending on a home’s location, resist the forces of natural hazards such as snow, wind, earthquake, and flood. In most cases, the tried-and-true construction practices offered in the IRC incorporate these criteria, eliminating the need for an engineered design or complex calculations. For example, the code provides span tables for conventional wood framing elements such as joists, girders, headers, and rafters.

      Construction must safely support all loads:

      Snow, wind, seismic, and flood loads, which vary by geographic region

      Live loads

      Dead loads

      Roof loads

      Note: The roof is designed for the roof live load (not more than 20 psf) or the snow load, whichever is greater.

      To correctly apply the values of the tables and the prescriptive methods of construction, builders must know the structural design criteria in the planning chapter of the code. Determining the appropriate live loads is fairly straightforward. However, seismic, wind, snow, soil, or flood area values differ by geographic location. In addition, frost depth, weathering severity, ice barrier underlayment requirements, and history of termite damage vary by climate and geography. Therefore, builders often must obtain information through the maps found in the IRC or through their local building departments.

      Moreover, some structural elements still may require an engineered design. For example, the sizing of wide-flange steel beams commonly used in dwelling construction is outside the scope of the IRC. Instead, accepted engineering practices will determine their sizes.

      Live Loads

      Minimum required live loads for floors are based on the use of the space. Guards and handrails also must be secured to safely resist forces against them (table 1.1).

      Table 1.1 Minimum uniformly distributed live loads

      Deflection

      Allowable deflection is a measurement of bending under code-prescribed loads to ensure adequate stiffness of structural framing members such as studs, joists, beams, and rafters (table 1.2). Although the prescriptive tables account for deflection in their values, builders must be familiar with deflection limits in order to choose the appropriate table for sizing a framing member. Allowable deflection is measured by dividing the span or length (L) of the member by a prescribed factor, such as 360 for floor joists (L/360). To determine allowable deflection for a certain span, convert feet to inches and divide the result by 360. The following example is for a floor joist with a 16 ft. span:

      L = 16 ft. X 12 in. = 192 in.

      Allowable deflection = 192 in. / 360 = 0.53 in.

      allowable deflection for this floor joist is approximately ½ in.

      Note: A 16 ft. span rafter with a slope and no ceiling attached has an allowable deflection of L/180, which is twice the deflection allowed for floor joists.

      Table 1.2 Allowable deflection of structural members

      Note: Wall deflection and wind load deflections are not shown.

      Calculating Dead Loads

      The prescriptive tables of the IRC detailing continuous footing sizes for conventional frame construction assume average weights of construction materials. Therefore, additional calculations typically are not required. The material and component weights (tables 1.3 and 1.4) may help builders correctly size a post, pad footing, or another element not covered in the IRC tables.

      Wind

      The prescriptive structural provisions of the IRC are limited to those geographical regions with wind speeds less than 110 mph as defined in the IRC wind maps. Otherwise, the code requires a design in accordance with one of the referenced standards. In addition to an engineered design that complies with the International Building Code (IBC)¹ and ASCE 7,² the IRC includes references to ICC 600, Standard for Residential Construction in High Wind Regions³ and AF&PA Wood Frame Construction Manual (WFCM).⁴

      Table 1.3 Building material weights
      Table 1.4 Average weights of building components

      Wind Exposure Category

      In addition to the basic wind speeds for a geographic area, ground surface irregularities affect the wind’s impact on a building. The IRC classifies wind exposure into three categories:

      Exposure B—some wind protection with trees and buildings characteristic of urban and suburban settings

      Exposure C—open terrain with scattered obstructions and shorelines in hurricane-prone regions

      Exposure D—adjacent to large bodies of water, such as the Great Lakes, or in western coastal areas

      Exposure categories are important design criteria for engineering purposes. For many of the prescriptive methods of wood frame construction in the IRC, wind exposure category is not a factor. However, wind exposure category must be considered when applying the provisions for wall sheathing, wood wall bracing, roof tie-down, and exterior wall and roof coverings. The following components must be listed and installed to resist wind loads based on the wind speed and exposure category:

      Siding

      Roof covering

      Windows

      Skylights

      Exterior doors

      Overhead doors

      Hurricanes

      Hurricane-prone regions are the coastal areas of the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico where the basic wind speed is greater than 90 mph. The IRC wind maps identify the portions of hurricane-prone regions that require an engineered design or a design that complies with other referenced standards. Windows and other glazing require additional protection if they are in windborne debris regions—those areas within hurricane-prone regions as specifically identified in the wind maps.

      Storm Shelters

      Storm shelters, sometimes called safe rooms, are not required by the code. However, they offer added protection from the destructive forces of high winds, hurricanes, and tornadoes. When installed within a dwelling or as a separate structure, storm shelters must conform to the requirements of ICC-500, Standard on the Design and Construction of Storm Shelters.⁵

      Earthquake

      The IRC assigns a seismic design category (SDC) to building sites relative to the anticipated intensity and frequency of earthquakes. (For more details, see the seismic map in the code.) For buildings located in SDC A or B and constructed under the prescriptive methods of the IRC, there are no additional seismic requirements. One- and two-family dwellings in SDC C also are exempt from the seismic requirements. However, specific seismic requirements apply to townhomes sited in SDC C, and to all buildings in SDC D0, D1, and D2.

      The higher seismic design categories (SDC D0, D1, and D2) occur predominantly in western parts of the U.S., in the New Madrid area of Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, Tennessee, and Arkansas, and in South Carolina.

      2

      Fire Protection

      Fire-resistant construction is required to separate dwelling units, for exterior walls located close to property lines, and on the garage side of an attached garage/dwelling separation.

      This chapter addresses these requirements, as well as fire sprinkler systems, insulation, smoke alarms, and emergency escape. Fire protection related to specific building components is addressed throughout the code and is detailed in this and other chapters of this book.

      Location on Property

      Exterior walls of dwellings and garages must maintain a minimum separation from the property line, measured perpendicular to the wall, or be protected for fire. For dwellings without fire sprinkler systems, walls less than 5 ft. from the property line must have a fire-resistance rating of one hour when exposed to fire from either side of the wall. The code permits a 3 ft. separation without a fire-resistance-rated wall when the dwelling has an automatic fire sprinkler system. A typical one-hour wall consists of ⅝ in. Type X gypsum board or gypsum sheathing on both sides of a frame wall with insulation filling the cavity. However, a number of other approved designs are

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