Respiratory Acidosis, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
By Kenneth Kee
()
About this ebook
This book describes Respiratory Acidosis, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases
Respiratory acidosis is a disorder that happens when the lungs cannot eliminate all of the carbon dioxide the body produces.
This induces body fluids, particularly the blood, to become too acidic.
Excess CO2 induces the pH of blood and other bodily fluids to reduce, making them too acidic.
Normally, the body is able to balance the ions that regulate acidity.
This balance is gauged on a pH scale from 0 to 14.
Acidosis happens when the pH of the blood drops below 7.35 (normal blood pH is between 7.35 and 7.45).
Types of respiratory acidosis
1. Acute respiratory acidosis happens rapidly.
It is a medical emergency.
Left untreated, symptoms will become progressively worse.
It can be threatening to life.
2. Chronic respiratory acidosis forms over time.
It does not produce symptoms.
Instead, the body modifies itself to the higher acidity.
The kidneys form more bicarbonate to help keep the balance.
Chronic respiratory acidosis may not produce symptoms
Respiratory acidosis is normally caused by an underlying disease or disorder.
Some frequent causes of the acute form are:
1. Lung disorders (COPD, emphysema, asthma, pneumonia)
2. Disorders that affect the rate of breathing
3. Muscle weakness that influences breathing or taking a deep breath
4. Obstructed airways (hoking or other causes)
5. Sedative overdose
Some frequent causes of the chronic form are:
1. Asthma
2. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
3. Acute pulmonary edema
4. Severe obesity (disrupt expansion of the lungs)
5. Neuromuscular disorders (multiple sclerosis or muscular dystrophy)
6. Scoliosis
Symptoms
Early signs of acute respiratory acidosis are:
1. Headache
2. Anxiety
3. Blurred vision
4. Restlessness
5. Confusion
Without treatment, other symptoms may happen such as:
1. Sleepiness or fatigue
2. Lethargy
3. Delirium or confusion
4. Shortness of breath
5. Coma
The chronic form of respiratory acidosis does not normally cause any noticeable symptoms.
Diagnosis
The purpose of diagnostic tests for respiratory acidosis is:
1. To examine for any pH imbalance,
2. To determine the severity of the imbalance, and
3. To determine the disorder causing the imbalance.
Several tools can assist doctors in diagnosing respiratory acidosis.
1. Blood gas measurement
Blood gas is a series of tests used to evaluate oxygen and CO2 in the blood.
2. Electrolytes
3. Lung function tests
4. Chest X-ray and CT scan of the chest
Treatment is directed at the underlying disease, and may be:
1. Bronchodilator medicines and corticosteroids to reverse some types of airway obstruction
2. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (sometimes called CPAP or BiPAP) or a breathing machine, if required
3. Oxygen if the blood oxygen level is little
4. Treatment to stop smoking
Acute form
Treating acute acidosis normally indicates managing the underlying cause.
The airway may need to be cleared as soon as possible.
Artificial ventilation may also be required.
Chronic form
If the patient has the chronic form of this disease, the treatment will focus on managing any underlying disorders.
The purpose is to improve airway function.
Some treatments are:
1. Antibiotics (to treat infection)
2. Diuretics (to reduce excess fluid affecting the heart and lungs)
3. Bronchodilators (to expand the airways)
4. Corticosteroids (to reduce inflammation)
5. Mechanical ventilation (in severe cases)
Extra-corporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2 R) is a newer method for removing carbon dioxide through venovenous bypass without involving oxygenation.
ECCO2 R is being assessed for respiratory acidosis treatment
TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Kenneth Kee
Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"
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Respiratory Acidosis, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions - Kenneth Kee
Respiratory Acidosis,
A
Simple
Guide
To
The Condition,
Diagnosis,
Treatment
And
Related Conditions
By
Dr Kenneth Kee
M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)
Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)
Copyright Kenneth Kee 2019 Smashwords Edition
Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com
Dedication
This book is dedicated
To my wife Dorothy
And my children
Carolyn, Grace
And Kelvin
This book describes Respiratory Acidosis, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.
(What You Need to Treat Respiratory Acidosis)
This e-Book is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.
If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.
Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.
Introduction
I have been writing medical articles for my blog: http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Disorder) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.
My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.
Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).
I then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog: http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.
This autobiography account A Family Doctor’s Tale
was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders
into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale
on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.
From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 800 eBooks.
Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.
For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.
The later books go into more details of medical disorders.
The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.
Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.
As I tried to bring the patient the latest information about a disorder or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.
Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.
I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.
I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.
I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.
Chapter 1
Respiratory acidosis
What is respiratory acidosis?
Respiratory acidosis is a disorder that happens when the lungs cannot eliminate all of the carbon dioxide the body produces.
This induces body fluids, particularly the blood, to become too acidic.
Excess CO2 induces the pH of blood and other bodily fluids to reduce, making them too acidic.
Normally, the body is able to balance the ions that regulate acidity.
This balance is gauged on a pH scale from