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    60 Miles,17000 Miles
    60 Miles,17000 Miles
    60 Miles,17000 Miles
    Ebook130 pages1 hour

    60 Miles,17000 Miles

    By Digby Asterrne

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    The book covers the history of mainly Great Britain from 1700 through to the 1850 period. France and America is mentioned in some chapters. Kings, Queens and Politics of Great Britain receive some mention in the above period duration.

    During the above many gave the European times as the lndustrial Revolution. Most of the major lnventions have been detailed. This overtook any minor Politics, when the general public were being misplaced and then Transported. Firstly to America then to the Australian continent.

    The Australian continent, firstly to Botany Bay, Port Jackson, then Sydney of New South Wales. Just a few years, Hobart in Tasmania was discovered and settled. Some years, when overpopulated, some settlers of Tasmania ventured across to what is now Melbourne, Victoria. Politics of New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania is covered in the last Chapters of the book.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherXlibris AU
    Release dateMar 14, 2013
    ISBN9781479786503
    60 Miles,17000 Miles
    Author

    Digby Asterrne

    At present I am 65 years of age. My wife of 45 years together, we have 2 children, a boy and then a girl followed. My present position being that of a aged pensioner, my wife has a part-time position. Schooling consisted of year 10 at a Government High School, as it was known then. Probably now called a College. Past employment saw me in an Office position for the first 15 years of employment. Following, I have been employed in several labouring jobs. My mother provided me with a marriage certificate some 20 years back, which I never acted on. The certificate was one of an Ancestor, in the very early days of Victoria, Australia. I then began piecing our history together in the last 2 years. Thus the book, it took me the last 8 months to finish it on a casual basis.

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      Book preview

      60 Miles,17000 Miles - Digby Asterrne

      60 MILES,

      17000 MILES

      Digby Asterrne

      Copyright © 2013 by Digby Asterrne.

      Library of Congress Control Number:       2013901639

      ISBN:         Hardcover                               978-1-4797-8649-7

                         Softcover                                 978-1-4797-8648-0

                         Ebook                                      978-1-4797-8650-3

      All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner.

      Rev. date: 03/11/2013

      To order additional copies of this book, contact:

      Xlibris Corporation

      1-800-618-969

      www.xlibris.com.au

      Orders@xlibris.com.au

      503106

      Contents

      Chapter 1      England 1700 AD

      Chapter 2      England Expansion

      Chapter 3      Wagon-Ways

      Chapter 4      Canal Systems

      Chapter 5      James Cook

      Chapter 6      Steam Power

      Chapter 7      First Fleet to Australia

      Chapter 8      French Unrest

      Chapter 9      Convicts to Australia

      Chapter 10      Industrial Revolution

      Chapter 11      Australia

      Chapter 12      Locomotives

      Chapter 13      Victoria

      Chapter 14      New Settlements

      Chapter 15      Steam Boats

      Chapter 16      Population Expansion

      Chapter 17      Potato Famine in England

      Chapter 18      Attracting Settlers

      Chapter 19      Gold Discovery

      Chapter 20      Our Ship

      Chapter 21      Bon Voyage—Good Bye

      Chapter 1

      England 1700 AD

      T he new Colonies of Virginia and Maryland, in the Americas, require unskilled labourers to construct necessary facilities from Shipping Wharves and Roadways and such. Also expanding to the inner country regions used for agriculture.

      With the Jacobite rebellion defeated three years past in Britain, the rule of King George I in 1718, appears to have settled and now look to achievement. After losing two decisive battles to the Government forces, the rebel leaders were executed.

      It has been decided to offer criminals, convicted of capital crimes to be transported to the Colonies. Their sentence commuted to 14 years or life for the more serious crimes, in America. Refusal was not an option by offenders. Already, convict prisoners were also offered the choice after being given the altermatum of transportation. Thus transportation began serving two purposes, reduction of prisoners in Britains gaols and providing cheap labour in the colonies.

      With overseas expansion in 1720 by the Noblemen into Trading Companies, many were trusted in decision making. The sub-ordinates to the Nobles also stood to gain by profitable ventures they were managing, being responsible for all of the section of the Trading expansion. For several years growth was successful for the largest, known as The South Sea Company, having public shareholders, mainly trading in the Spanish-American Colonies. When it became known the Directors had sold their shares, as the Company had not generated any profit, panic occurred, which resulted in a major financial crash in London, large fortunes were lost.

      With crime on the increase Poaching was elevated to a capital offence. Gangs known as Blacks, because of their self-blackened faces as a disguise were out-witting the Wardens and Gamekeepers, using a ruse or distraction to achieve their aims. It has been added that, prison sentences may be lenghtened for new offenders of lesser crimes, as a deterrent.

      George II, now enthroned as King, following the death of George I. The new King not being popular due to his preference for the Hanover, Germany, ties of his family before England. But, when England continued to prosper, his unpopularity wained over the years.

      The increase in the number of Poor against the wealth of the Nobles in 1739, activated the Lay Preachers to attempt to show the Monarchy the widening gap of the poor to the Noble wealth. Two persons in particular, John Wesley and George Whitefield aimed to spread the words of the Gospels. They attracted large audiences and converts to Evangelical Christianity. Because of their focus strictly to rules their success of attracting attention, by those persons who feared exposure of the Nobles greed.

      Over a short period of years, from the Jacobite rebellion to the War of Jenkins Ear. In the Caribbean waters the Spanish guarda costas ships had depredations on British ships. One Captain Robert Jenkins had his ear deliberately severed by the Spanish as an insult to the British Navy. This War began in 1739, but from 1742 merged into the larger War of Austrain Succession and continues.

      During this time naval commander George Anson began a circumnavigation of the world, in search of riches by any means, the Spanish expansion, being the main target. The recession which began in 1720 with the losses of the South Seas Company and other companies in London, had continued with increased numbers of the poor, due to less employment opportunities. Relying on begging alms or assistance from the Churches who were in a position to welcome donation from their guilt ridden Nobles, seeking some kind of appreciation for their past prudent control of the wealth they obtained.

      A sign of change was in the wind, was the resignation in 1742 of Sir Robert Walpole after 21 years, considered by most, Prime Minister, but never actually given the title by the Monarchy, he being under the title of First Lord of the Treasury, since the Bill of Rights in 1689. King George II, becomes actively involved at the Battle of Dettingen, where the British allies defeated the French, one just war engagement in 1743, part of the War of Austrian Succession, mentioned earlier.

      It would seem the Jacobites have regrouped under the leadership of Bonnie Prince Charlie, the grandson of the deposed King James II. The rebels reached as far as Derby, before being chased back to Scotland. The commander of the land forces was the Duke of Cumberland, the second son of King George II. Known as the Battle of Culloden, being the last battle on British soil in 1746, also called the 45 Rebellion.

      From Scotland we hear decisions have been made for restructuring of farming by forcibly removing tenants of small farms and combining them into large acreages, which would be more profitable sheep farming for the Landlords. The result being emigration by most, to North America and the growth of the Scottish cities, such as Glasgow with its growing urban industrial centres.

      Some years later in 1756 the war with France begins. The French allied with Austria and Russia against Prussia. Britain allied with Prussia and fought France in America, India and of course Europe. Spain allied with France, much later in the war.

      This war, not being enough, the French also instigated trouble in India by supporting the Bengal ruler, Dauleh, who was defeated by the forces of the British East India Company. The province of Bengal, then coming under the control of the East India Company and the wealth generated therein.

      Later mentioned in detail, George III, succeeds his grandfather in October 1760, he was given the nickname of Farmer George as he has a passion for Agriculture. We heard of unrest in the American Colonies, it has been mentioned that our Government has imposed Taxes on a regular basis, without spending any of it improving infrastructure, where the Taxes are collected. Some strong words have been used, suggesting excessive monies find there way back to England.

      Due to these rumours brought back by the lower ranks of the Military and spread, assisted by the sailing crews, also of the lower ranks, they appeared to be ignored outside of the Inns, Taverns and Boarding Houses of London.

      With the increasing population in the American Colonies, it would easily be understood, that the non-English Europeans would have sufficient grievance. Wealth from there labour and personal risks being deposited and used by English Banks, giving favours to controlling groups connected to most of the Politicians, of course being land holders. Since the Bill of Rights in 1689 placed Monarchy only as ceremonial head of Government, Politicians have

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