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On the Gait of Animals
On the Gait of Animals
On the Gait of Animals
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On the Gait of Animals

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"On the Gait of Animals" is a scientific treatise written by Aristotle in which he explores the physical movements of animals. The text covers a wide range of topics, including the differences in gait between quadrupeds and bipeds, the various ways in which animals move their limbs, and the relationship between an animal's gait and its overall anatomy. Aristotle's observations are based on detailed examinations of various animal species, from horses and elephants to insects and crustaceans. Through his careful observations and logical deductions, Aristotle lays the foundation for the scientific study of animal locomotion, a subject that would be further developed by subsequent generations of scholars.
LanguageEnglish
Release dateJun 23, 2016
ISBN9781911495031
Author

Aristotle

Aristotle (384–322 BC) was a philosopher and writer from the Classical period in Ancient Greece. His work provides the intellectual methodology of most European-centred civilization, influencing the fundamental forms of all knowledge. Taught by Plato, he wrote on many subjects including physics, biology, zoology, philosophy, politics and the arts.

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    Book preview

    On the Gait of Animals - Aristotle

    cover.jpg

    Aristotle

    On the Gait of Animals

    Published by The Big Nest

    This edition first published in 2016

    Copyright © 2016 The Big Nest

    All Rights Reserve

    ISBN: 9781911495031

    Contents

    PART 1

    PART 2

    PART 3

    PART 4

    PART 5

    PART 6

    PART 7

    PART 8

    PART 9

    PART 10

    PART 11

    PART 12

    PART 13

    PART 14

    PART 15

    PART 16

    PART 17

    PART 18

    PART 19

    PART 1

    We have now to consider the parts which are useful to animals for movement in place (locomotion); first, why each part is such as it is and to what end they possess them; and second, the differences between these parts both in one and the same creature, and again by comparison of the parts of creatures of different species with one another. First then let us lay down how many questions we have to consider.

    The first is what are the fewest points of motion necessary to animal progression, the second why sanguineous animals have four points and not more, but bloodless animals more than four, and generally why some animals are footless, others bipeds, others quadrupeds, others polypods, and why all have an even number of feet, if they have feet at all; why in fine the points on which progression depends are even in number.

    Next, why are man and bird bipeds, but fish footless; and why do man and bird, though both bipeds, have an opposite curvature of the legs. For man bends his legs convexly, a bird has his bent concavely; again, man bends his arms and legs in opposite directions, for he has his arms bent convexly, but his legs concavely. And a viviparous quadruped bends his limbs in opposite directions to a man’s, and in opposite directions to one another; for he has his forelegs bent convexly, his hind legs concavely. Again, quadrupeds which are not viviparous but oviparous have a peculiar curvature of the limbs laterally away from the body. Again, why do quadrupeds move their legs criss-cross?

    We have to examine the reasons for all these facts, and others cognate to them; that the facts are such is clear from our Natural History, we have now to ask reasons for the

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