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    Mitral Valve Regurgitation, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Mitral Valve Regurgitation, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Mitral Valve Regurgitation, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Ebook144 pages1 hour

    Mitral Valve Regurgitation, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Treatment And Related Conditions

    By Kenneth Kee

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    About this ebook

    Mitral regurgitation is a medical condition in which the heart valve that separates the upper and lower chambers on the left side of the heart does not close properly.
    Regurgitation means leaking from a valve that does not close all the way.
    Mitral regurgitation is the most common type of heart valve disorder.
    As the valve does not close properly, some blood is pumped back into the left atrium when the left ventricle contracts
    Therefore the wall of the atrium may become thicker (hypertrophy) and the atrium may enlarge
    This leads to a decrease in blood flow to the rest of the body.
    As a result, the heart may try to pump harder.
    Causes are:
    1. Coronary heart disease and high blood pressure
    2. Infection of the heart valves
    3. Mitral valve prolapse (MVP
    4. Use of fenfluramine or dexfenfluramine for 4 or more months.
    When symptoms occur, they often develop gradually, and may include:
    1. Cough
    2. Fatigue, exhaustion, and light-headedness
    3. Rapid breathing
    4. Sensation of feeling the heart beat (palpitations) or a rapid heartbeat
    Diagnosis is by:
    Extra heart sound (S4 gallop)
    Apical soft pan-systolic murmur
    Echocardiogram shows the mitral regurgitation
    ECG and CXR show a normal heart if mild but left ventricle enlargement in later MR.
    Patients with high blood pressure or a weakened heart muscle may be given medications to reduce the strain on the heart and help improve the condition.
    1. Beta-blockers or ACE inhibitors
    2. Blood thinners (anticoagulants) to help prevent blood clots in people with atrial fibrillation
    3. Drugs that help control uneven or abnormal heartbeats
    4. Water pills (diuretics) to remove excess fluid in the lungs
    5. A low-sodium diet may be helpful
    Surgical repair or replacement of the valve is recommended if:
    1. The heart function is poor,
    2. The heart becomes larger (dilated)
    3. Symptoms become more severe

    TABLE OF CONTENT
    Introduction
    Chapter 1 Mitral Regurgitation
    Chapter 2 More about Mitral Regurgitation
    Chapter 3 Treatment of Mitral Regurgitation
    Chapter 4 Heart Valve Diseases
    Chapter 5 Mitral Stenosis
    Chapter 6 Aortic Regurgitation
    Chapter 7 Tricuspid Regurgitation
    Chapter 8 Pulmonary Regurgitation
    Epilogue

    Mitral Valve regurgitation is a rare congenital valve disease
    Where the mitral valves do not close tightly and may release
    Blood may leak from the ventricle back into the atrium
    This may cause strain on the left atrial myocardium

    Mitral regurgitation is the most common type of heart valve disorder
    Blood flows backward into the atrium from the lower chamber
    Therefore the wall of the atrium may become thicker
    As a result the heart may need to pump harder

    The mitral valve makes an apical systolic murmur, a whooshing sound
    When the valve leaks back into the left atrium a small amount
    The stretched flaps can make an extra sound (S4) as they shut.
    The echocardiogram show the valve movement in the heart

    Treatment is to reduce the heart's workload by medications
    Beta blockers may be used to treat chest discomfort or palpitations
    Blood-thinning medicines reduce the risk of blood clots forming
    Surgery is needed if the abnormal mitral valve allows the blood backflowing

    -An original poem by Kenneth Kee

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherKenneth Kee
    Release dateJan 10, 2017
    ISBN9781370594788
    Mitral Valve Regurgitation, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Author

    Kenneth Kee

    Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

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      Book preview

      Mitral Valve Regurgitation, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Treatment And Related Conditions - Kenneth Kee

      Mitral Valve

      Regurgitation,

      A

      Simple

      Guide

      To

      The Condition,

      Treatment

      And

      Related Conditions

      by

      Dr Kenneth Kee

      M.B., B.S. (Singapore)

      Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)

      Copyright Kenneth Kee 2014 Smashwords Edition

      Published By Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com

      Dedication

      This book is dedicated

      to my wife Dorothy

      and my children

      Carolyn, Grace

      and Kelvin

      This book describes the Mitral Valve Regurgitation of the Heart and their Management and other related diseases such as Aortic Regurgitation, Mitral Stenosis and Valve Prolapse, Tricuspid Regurgitation, Pulmonary Regurgitation which are seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.

      This eBook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.

      If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.

      Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.

      TABLE OF CONTENT

      Introduction

      Chapter 1 Mitral Regurgitation

      Chapter 2 More about Mitral Regurgitation

      Chapter 3 Treatment of Mitral Regurgitation

      Chapter 4 Heart Valve Diseases

      Chapter 5 Mitral Stenosis

      Chapter 6 Aortic Regurgitation

      Chapter 7 Tricuspid Regurgitation

      Chapter 8 Pulmonary Regurgitation

      Epilogue

      Introduction

      Ode to Mitral Valve regurgitation

      Mitral Valve regurgitation is a rare congenital valve disease

      Where the mitral valves do not close tightly and may release

      Blood may leak from the ventricle back into the atrium

      This may cause strain on the left atrial myocardium

      Mitral regurgitation is the most common type of heart valve disorder

      Blood flows backward into the atrium from the lower chamber

      Therefore the wall of the atrium may become thicker

      As a result the heart may need to pump harder

      The mitral valve makes an apical systolic murmur, a whooshing sound

      When the valve leaks back into the left atrium a small amount

      The stretched flaps can make an extra sound (S4) as they shut.

      The echocardiogram show the valve movement in the heart

      Treatment is to reduce the heart's workload by medications

      Beta blockers may be used to treat chest discomfort or palpitations

      Blood-thinning medicines reduce the risk of blood clots forming

      Surgery is needed if the abnormal mitral valve allows the blood backflowing

      -An original poem by Kenneth Kee

      Interesting Tips about the Mitral Valve regurgitation

      A Healthy Lifestyle

      1. Take a well Balanced Diet

      2. Most people who have mitral regurgitation without symptoms do not need treatment.

      People who have MR and troublesome mitral valve backflow usually need treatment.

      Patients with high blood pressure or a weakened heart muscle may be given medications to reduce the strain on the heart and help improve the condition.

      a. Beta-blockers or ACE inhibitors

      b. Blood thinners (anticoagulants) to help prevent blood clots in people with atrial fibrillation

      c. Drugs that help control uneven or abnormal heartbeats

      d. Water pills (diuretics) to remove excess fluid in the lungs

      e. A low-sodium diet may be helpful.

      Surgical repair or replacement of the valve is recommended if:

      a. The heart function is poor,

      b. The heart becomes larger (dilated)

      c. Symptoms become more severe.

      d. People with abnormal or damaged heart valves are at risk for an infection called endocarditis.

      3. Keep bones and body strong

      Eat foods rich in calcium like yogurt, cheese, milk, and dark green vegetables.

      Eat foods rich in Vitamin D, like eggs, fatty fish, cereal, and fortified milk.

      Eat food rich in Vitamins B and C such as green vegetables and fruits

      Zinc and other minerals are important to the body

      4. Get enough rest and Sleep

      Avoid stress and tension

      5. Rest the eyes and close the eyes every half hourly

      Look far in the distance or look at green trees

      Sit comfortably in an armchair or on a settee and relax with the eyes closed.

      6. Exercise and stay active.

      It is best to do weight-bearing exercise such as walking, jogging, stair climbing, dancing, or lifting weights for 2½ hours a week.

      One way to do this is to be active 30 minutes a day at least 5 days a week.

      Begin slowly especially if a person has not been active.

      7. Do not drink more than 2 alcohol drinks a day for a man or 1 alcohol drink a day for a woman.

      People who drink more than this may have a higher chance for developing osteoporosis.

      Alcohol use also increases the chance of falling and breaking a bone.

      8. Stop or do not begin smoking.

      It also interferes with blood supply and healing.

      Cigarettes contain more than forty types of hazardous and possibly cancer causing chemicals which can harm the smokers and those around them.

      Chapter 1

      Mitral regurgitation

      One of my patients was diagnosed with Mitral Regurgitation after she developed high blood pressure.

      The diagnosis was confirmed by echocardiography.

      Because of her younger age her mitral valve was repaired by suturing.

      However the success rate of her operation was only 60%.

      She was given a blood thinner warfarin to prevent any blood clot from escaping from the heart and hypertension medicine.

      A few years later she developed diabetes and was put on diabetes medicine.

      Her heart condition was becoming worse so her heart surgeon decided on a replacement of the heart valve.

      The operation was 90% successful.

      She is still alive with mild breathlessness on exertion and given warfarin, hypertension and diabetic medicines.

      She still goes for 3 monthly heart reviews.

      What is Mitral regurgitation?

      Mitral regurgitation is a medical condition in which the heart valve that separates the upper and lower chambers on the left side

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