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    Vaginal Atrophy, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Vaginal Atrophy, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Vaginal Atrophy, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Ebook104 pages55 minutes

    Vaginal Atrophy, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

    By Kenneth Kee

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    About this ebook

    Vaginal atrophy is a medical disorder that is present when the tissues of the vagina are no longer well-lubricated and healthy.
    When these symptoms are produced by a reduced amount of estrogen in a woman’s body, this disorder is called atrophic vaginitis.
    Atrophic vaginitis happens very frequently in postmenopausal women due to the falling levels of estrogen.
    The vaginal mucosa becomes drier, less elastic, thinner and more fragile.
    It may cause inflammation of the mucosa.
    Alterations in vaginal pH and vaginal flora may induce urinary tract infection (UTI) or vaginal infections.
    Reduced estrogen levels may affect peri-urethral lining and muscles and lead to pelvic laxity and stress incontinence.
    Other reasons may also induce estrogen levels to drop:
    1. Medicines or hormones used in the treatment of breast cancer
    2. Surgical procedures to remove the ovaries
    3. Radiation treatment to the pelvic area
    4. Chemotherapy for cancer
    5. Severe stress, depression, or intense exercise
    The most common symptom is dryness of the vagina.
    1. Urinary symptoms - e.g., increased frequency, nocturia, recurrent UTI, dysuria, stress incontinence or urgency, burning on urination
    2. Vaginal bleeding or light bleeding after intercourse
    3. Painful sexual intercourse
    4. Slight vaginal discharge (usually white or yellow).
    5. Vaginal soreness, itching or burning
    There may be burning or itching of the vagina or vulva.
    6. Dyspareunia.
    The external genitalia may show reduced pubic hair, reduced turgor or elasticity, and a narrow introitus.
    Investigations are:
    1. Vaginal pH testing (using pH paper and sampling from the mid-vagina, not the posterior fornix).
    2. The result is more alkaline in atrophic vaginitis.
    3. Vaginal cytology - can show lack of maturation of the epithelial tissue of the vagina, normally present in atrophic vaginitis.
    The principles of treatment are:
    1. Restoration of urogenital physiology
    2. Relief of symptoms
    The effectiveness of lubricants and moisturizers is normally thought to be less than that with using topical estrogens.

    TABLE OF CONTENT
    Introduction
    Chapter 1 Vaginal Atrophy
    Chapter 2 Causes
    Chapter 3 Symptoms
    Chapter 4 Diagnosis
    Chapter 5 Treatment
    Chapter 6 Prognosis
    Chapter 7 Dyspareunia
    Chapter 8 Vaginismus
    Epilogue

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherKenneth Kee
    Release dateOct 21, 2016
    ISBN9781370143047
    Vaginal Atrophy, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
    Author

    Kenneth Kee

    Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

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      Book preview

      Vaginal Atrophy, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions - Kenneth Kee

      Vaginal Atrophy,

      A

      Simple

      Guide

      To

      The Condition,

      Diagnosis,

      Treatment

      And

      Related Conditions

      By

      Dr Kenneth Kee

      M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)

      Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)

      Copyright Kenneth Kee 2016 Smashwords Edition

      Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com

      Dedication

      This book is dedicated

      To my wife Dorothy

      And my children

      Carolyn, Grace

      And Kelvin

      This book describes the Vaginal Atrophy, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.

      (What You Need to Treat Vaginal Atrophy)

      This eBook is licensed for the personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.

      If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.

      Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.

      Introduction

      I have been writing medical articles for my blog http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Condition) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.

      My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.

      Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).

      I then wrote an autobiolographical account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.

      This autobiolographical account A Family Doctor’s Tale was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Conditions into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale on http://kenmed.wordpress.com.

      From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 700 amazon kindle books and some into Smashwords.com eBooks.

      Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.

      For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.

      The later books go into more details of medical conditions.

      The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.

      Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.

      As I tried to bring you the latest information about a condition or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.

      Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.

      I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.

      I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.

      I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.

      Chapter 1

      Vaginal Atrophy

      Vaginal atrophy is a medical disorder that is present when the tissues of the vagina are no longer well-lubricated and healthy.

      When these symptoms are produced by a reduced amount of estrogen in a woman’s body, this disorder is called atrophic vaginitis.

      Atrophic vaginitis happens very frequently in postmenopausal women due to the falling levels of estrogen.

      Within the reproductive years, the vaginal epithelium becomes thicker under the influence of estrogen and produces glycogen.

      When the epithelial cells die, the glycogen-rich cells provide food for Doderlein's bacilli, which in turn produce lactic acid, thus maintaining an acidic vaginal environment.

      Following the menopause, estrogen levels fall and this induces changes in the vagina:

      The vaginal mucosa becomes drier, less elastic, thinner and more fragile.

      It may cause inflammation of the mucosa.

      The vaginal epithelium has become inflamed, resulting in urinary symptoms

      Alterations in vaginal pH and vaginal flora may induce urinary tract infection (UTI) or vaginal infections.

      Reduced estrogen levels may affect peri-urethral lining and muscles and lead to pelvic laxity and stress incontinence.

      Risk Factors of vaginal atrophy are:

      Smoking

      Cigarette smoking involves the blood circulation, leading to the vagina and other tissues not taking in enough oxygen.

      Smoking also reduces the problems of naturally happening estrogens in the body.

      Also, women who smoke normally experience a menopause at a younger age.

      No vaginal births

      Doctors have noticed that women who have never given birth through the vagina are more likely to form vaginal atrophy than women who have had deliveries vaginally.

      No sexual activity

      Sexual

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