Tai Chi - Balance and Functional Autonomy in Old Age
By Hay Arruda and Hélio Coelho Filho
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About this ebook
This book contains scientific evidence which support the health benefits provided by the regular practice of Tai Chi, to the spirit, mind and body. Discover the ways that make this millennium-old art still stand proud in modern times. Let experts in the Alchemical Arts of Movement guide you. Written for both youngsters and seniors, an excellent read for newcomers and advanced practitioners of the Sage Philosophies. Includes a detailed list of Taijiquan forms and wisdom from various masters besides the authors. For example, the legendary Zhang San Feng and Lao Zi! 祝 您 长命 百岁! (May you live to be 100 years old!)
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Tai Chi - Balance and Functional Autonomy in Old Age - Hay Arruda
TAI CHI AND QUALITY OF LIFE
Vol. 1
Balance and Functional Autonomy in Old Age
Hélio de Freitas Coelho Filho
Post-graduate in Environment, Education and Society
Post-graduate in Acupuncture
Physical Education Teacher
Yoga therapist
Taijiquan and Qigong Teacher
Director of the Tao Te Táng Institute
Bachelor’s in Law
Raymundo (Hay) Paula de Arruda, D.S.
Master’s degree in Health and Environmental Sciences
Post-graduate in Mental Health
Physical Education Teacher
Acupuncturist and Shiatsu therapist
Taijiquan and Qigong Master – Wu Chao-Hsiang School
President of the Tao Te Táng Institute
Taoist Priest
Journalist and Book Publisher
Rio de Janeiro/Brazil
2016
INSTITUTO TAO TE TÁNG
Copyright © 2015 by
INSTITUTO TAO TE TÁNG
All Rights Reserved
ePublisher
Hay Arruda
Cover
Lee Mesquita
Translator
Nuno Lopes
ISBN:
xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Rio de Janeiro/Brazil
http://institutotaote.org
Balance and functional autonomy in old age / Coelho Filho, Hélio de Freitas e Arruda, Raymundo Paula from – Niterói/RJ - Brasil : Instituto Tao Te Táng, 2015.
e-Book – (Series Tai Chi and Quality of Life: 1).
ISBN xxxxxxxxx
1. Tai ji quan, 2. Physical education, 3 Quality of life, 4. Ageing, 5. Functional autonomy
CDD xxxxxxxxxx
SPECIAL DEDICATION
This manuscript is dedicated to Master Hay,
for opening my Three Treasures – 精气神 – gate.
And to everyone that journeys through the Art of Living...
H.F.C.F.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
To my parents, for raising and teaching me how to value both art and cultural differences, always looking for a link between social and cultural elements;
To Tao Te Táng, for the versatility and fluid yet strong foundation;
To my wife Aline, for all the love and understanding;
To my students, for their inspiring life stories and dedication;
To Carlos Boynard, for the light, caring and resolute manner through which he managed to teach the Unesa Physical Education course - Campos;
To Júlia Gama, my advisor, for wholeheartedly showing me Physical Education;
To Lilliany Cordeiro, for the methodological adjustments;
To professors from the Estácio de Sá University, for the shared wisdom and encouragement;
To Nuno Lopes – professional translator and martial arts instructor – for the bright translation of the manuscript from Portuguese to English, his devotion in sharing the present work and, on a larger scale, for helping to diffuse this Art.
To all the Masters and Practitioners of this suave albeit strong art, named Tai Ji Quan;
To Heaven and Earth;
To Sri-Sri Radha and Krishna.
H.F.C.F.
Continuously and softly regulate your breathing,
A Yin and a Yang brewing in the internal cauldron.
Nature needs to be illuminated, life, preserved.
Do not rush, let the flame burn slowly.
Close your eyes and observe your heart,
Let tranquility and spontaneity be your fountain
Zhang San Feng (张三丰)
ABSTRACT
This book is the product of a study conducted by Hélio Coelho Filho, under the supervision of Hay Arruda, which aimed to investigate the linkage between the practice of Tai Chi Chuan/Taijiquan (TJQ) and balance levels, as well as the level of functional capacity in elderly women, aged 60 to 79. The sample has been selected among members of a project named Pro Dia Nascer Feliz
, in which they take classes on Yang style TJQ, in the Tao Te Táng Institute, at Jardim São Benedito Square, in Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil. In order to measure the static and dynamic balance, the tests proposed by CELAFISCS/USP have been used, described in Matsudo (2000), in which the group subjected to investigation obtained significant score (p < 0,05), compared to the reference group, composed by physically independent women belonging the same age range, but yet sedentary, tested by CELAFISCS in both tests. Regarding functional autonomy, five tests proposed by GDLAM Protocol (W10M, RSFSP, RSPDP, POTOS, SCWAH) were used, when the elderly group who practiced TJQ was rated Very Good
, according to the GDLAM index (GI). For statistical measurement descriptive analysis was used, choosing T-Test to check the discrepancy between the two groups. Results allowed one to come up with the conclusion that TJQ improves the balance of its practitioners, due to increased strength, coordination and concentration required by this activity, lowering risks of falling and the possible injuries, as well as giving the elder a satisfying level of independence, keeping his functional autonomy at a high level.
Keywords: Functional Autonomy, Balance, Getting Old, Elderly, Tai Ji Quan, Wellness.
TABLE OF CONTENS
PRESENTATION
INTRODUCTION
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
MOTIVES AND RELEVANCE
TERMINOLOGY DATABASE
1. THE AGEING PROCESS
BALANCE, STABILITY AND FALLS
FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY AND THE ELDER’S AUTONOMY
PHYSICAL EXERCISE AND AGEING
2. TAI JI QUAN
ORIGIN AND NAME
PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE
CONTRIBUTION TO HEALTH IN OLD AGE
3. THE RESEARCH
HUMAN SUBJECTS
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESEARCH LIMITATION
TREATMENT OF COLLECTED DATA
4. SAMPLE PRESENTATION
EVALUATION AND DISCUTION OF THE STATIC AND DYNAMIC BALANCE
EVALUATION AND DISCUSSION OF THE FUNCTIONAL AUTONOMY AND THE GDLAM INDEX
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
ANNEX
I
A. REQUEST
B. INFORMED CONSENT FORM
II
DAO DE JING (道德經)
THE NOURISHMENT OF THE PERSON
III
DUALITY
THE ESSENCE OF TAIJI
PRESENTATION
In the last decades, the increase in individuals aged over 60 years in the Brazilian population’s profile has influenced its absolute growth. Meanwhile, the number of people younger than 20 years of age displays absolute reduction.
As society ought to learn how to deal with the changes in its population dynamics, so must the elder adapt to its transforming body. Inherent to the passing of the years, this may lead to autonomy and functional capacity loss, with physical, mental, and social health impact. Health experts agree that the solution lies in adopting feasible, active lifestyles, here suggesting the regular practice of Taijiquan (TJQ) – a Chinese martial art working out physical components such as strength, flexibility, balance and movement coordination, in a gentle and continuous way, through circular movements executed in line with breathing.
The growth rate for the number of elderly people in Brazil – one of the highest, worldwide, compared to Mexico and Nigeria (SANGLARD, 2004) – has been steady, consistent. According to National Research per Home Analysis – NRPH 2009, the country displayed a population of about 21 million people aged 60 or more (IBGE. Síntese de Indicadores Sociais: Uma Análise das Condições de Vida da População Brasileira: 2010, p. 191). Women present the majority (55,8%), as well as Caucasians (55,4%), and 64,1% occupied the position of reference in the household.
Attention towards the health condition of old people is crucial to sustaining their independence for the longest possible amount of time. Therefore, PNAD 2009 considered as proxy for disability
, the inability to walk for 100 meters, which brings forth difficulties in accomplishing several day-to-day tasks.
Gender also has quite the influence over that matter, since 15,9% of women had trouble walking 100 meters, against 10,9% of men. It should not