The Book of Tea: Illustrated
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About this ebook
A Japanese Harmony of Art Culture & The Simple Life. - Containing many illustrations in colour and in black and white.
This little book is illuminating in its revelation of the old world of Japanese thought and culture, with its reaction on Japanese daily life. It is not a translation, but was written in English.
The author, the late Okakura Kakuzo, was one of theleaders in the movement which a generation ago set itself to stem the western invasion, spreading like a malaria over every field of intellectual activity and threatening to submerge entirely the ancient beautiful Japanese civilisation.
The illustrations are chosen from our own National collections, and in the appendix will be found further details as to the Tea Ceremony and its various accessories.
Kakuzo Okakura
Okakura Kakuzo was born in 1862, the son of a merchant. He learnt English as a child and went on to study languages at Tokyo University. There, he started a movement to preserve Japanese culture from the rise of modernism and westernization. At the age of only twenty-nine he was made principle of the National Art School and many of his students went on to become famous artists. In 1898 he resigned to found a dissident school of art. To raise funds, he travelled to America where he found a wealthy and interested patron in Mrs Isabella Gardner, ‘Queen of Boston’. Now a successful artist, he was also appointed curator of Chinese and Japanese art at the Boston Museum. A dramatic and extrovert character, he wrote The Book of Tea in 1906 and died seven years later, in 1913.
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The Book of Tea - Kakuzo Okakura
The Book of Tea:
Illustrated
By Okakura Kakuzo
THE BOOK OF TEA
By Kakuzo Okakura
T.N.FOULIS
Edinburgh & London
1919
Contents
I. The Cup of Humanity
II. The Schools of Tea.
III. Taoism and Zennism
IV. The Tea-Room
V. Art Appreciation
VI. Flowers
VII. Tea-Masters
CONTENTS
PAOS
Chapter I. The Cup of Humanity
Tea ennobled into Teaism, a religion of
aestheticism, the adoration of the beautiful
among everyday facts — Teaism developed
among both nobles and peasants — The mutual
misunderstanding of the New World and the
Old— The Worship of Tea in the West —
Early records of Tea in European writing —
The Taoists' version of the combat between
Spirit and Matter — The modern struggle for
wealth and power 3
Chapter II. The Schools of Tea
The three stages of the evolution of Tea — The
Boiled Tea, the Whipped Tea, and the Steeped
Tea, representative of the Tang, the Sung, and
the Ming dynasties of China — Luwuh, the
first apostle of Tea— The Tea-ideals of the
three dynasties — To the latter-day Chinese Tea
is a delicious beverage, but not an ideal — In
Japan Tea is a religion of the art of life • . 25
Chapter III. Taoism and Zennism
The connection of Zennism with Tea — Taoism,
and its successor Zennism, represent the indi-
vidualistic trend of the Southern Chinese mind
— Taoism accepts the mundane and tries to
find beauty in our world of woe and worry —
Zennism emphasizes the teachings of Taoism —
Through consecrated meditation may be at-
tained supreme self-realisation — Zennism, like
Taoism, is the worship of Relativity — Ideal of
Teaism a result of the Zen conception of great-
ness in the smallest incidents of life — Taoism
furnished the basis for aesthetic ideals, Zennism
made them practical 47
Chapter IV. The Tea-Room
The tea-room does not pretend to be other than
a mere cottage — The simplicity and purism of
the tea-room — Symbolism in the construction
of the tea-room — The system of its decoration
— A sanctuary from the vexations of the outer
world 7S
Chapter V. Art Appreciation
Sympathetic communion of minds necessary
for art appreciation — The secret understand-
ing between the master and ourselves — The
value of suggestion — Art is of value only to
the extent that it speaks to us — No real feel-
ing in much of the apparent enthusiasm to-day
— Confusion of art with archaeology — ^We are
destroying art in destroying the beautiful in
life lOS
Chapter VI. Flowers
Flowers our constant friends — The Master of
Flowers — The waste of Flowers^ among West-
ern conmiunities — The art of floriculture in
the East— The Tea-Masters and the Cult of
Flowers — The Art of Flower Arrangement —
The adoration of the Flower for its own sake
— The Flower-Masters — Two main branches of
the schools of Flower Arrangement, the For-
malistic and the Naturalesque 123
Chapter VII. _Tea-Masters
Real appreciation of art only possible to those
who make of it a living influence — Contribu-
tions of the Tea-Masters to art — Their influence
on the conduct of life— The Last Tea of Rikiu 151
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Frontispiece Coloured stones
by Korin
Dharuma by Soami
The three tasters - Morikuni
Landscape - Sansetsu
Bamboos in the wind
Lotus and white heron
Water-jar - Kettle
Plan of tea-room
Tea-jars and tea-bowls
Tea-bowls and flower vase
Tailpieces - Flower studies
I. The Cup of Humanity
Tea began as a medicine and grew into a beverage. In China, in the eighth century, it entered the realm of poetry as one of the polite amusements. The fifteenth century saw Japan ennoble it into a religion of aestheticism—Teaism. Teaism is a cult founded on the adoration of the beautiful among the sordid facts of everyday existence. It inculcates purity and harmony, the mystery of mutual charity, the romanticism of the social order. It is essentially a worship of the Imperfect, as it is a tender attempt to accomplish something possible in this impossible thing we know as life.
The Philosophy of Tea is not mere aestheticism in the ordinary acceptance of the term, for it expresses conjointly with ethics and religion our whole point of view about man and nature. It is hygiene, for it enforces cleanliness; it is economics, for it shows comfort in simplicity rather than in the complex and costly; it is moral geometry, inasmuch as it defines our sense of proportion to the universe. It represents the true spirit of Eastern democracy by making all its votaries aristocrats in taste.
The long isolation of Japan from the rest of the world, so conducive to introspection, has been highly favourable to the development of Teaism. Our home and habits, costume and cuisine, porcelain, lacquer, painting—our very literature—all have been subject to its influence. No student of Japanese culture could ever ignore its presence. It has permeated the elegance of noble boudoirs, and entered the abode of the humble. Our peasants have learned to arrange flowers, our meanest labourer to offer his salutation to the rocks and waters. In our common parlance we speak of the man with no tea
in him, when he is insusceptible to the