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    Fibonacci Numbers
    Fibonacci Numbers
    Fibonacci Numbers
    Ebook73 pages45 minutes

    Fibonacci Numbers

    By Nikolai Nikolaevich Vorob'ev

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    About this ebook

    Fibonacci numbers date back to an 800-year-old problem concerning the number of offspring born in a single year to a pair of rabbits. This book offers the solution and explores the occurrence of Fibonacci numbers in number theory, continued fractions, and geometry. A discussion of the "golden section" rectangle, in which the lengths of the sides can be expressed as a ration of two successive Fibonacci numbers, draws upon attempts by ancient and medieval thinkers to base aesthetic and philosophical principles on the beauty of these figures. Recreational readers as well as students and teachers will appreciate this light and entertaining treatment of a classic puzzle.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherDover Publications
    Release dateApr 10, 2013
    ISBN9780486298856
    Fibonacci Numbers

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      Book preview

      Fibonacci Numbers - Nikolai Nikolaevich Vorob'ev

      1955).

      INTRODUCTION

      1. The ancient world was rich in outstanding mathematicians. Many achievements of ancient mathematics are admired to this day for the acuteness of mind of their authors, and the names of Euclid, Archimedes and Hero are known to every educated person.

      Things are different as far as the mathematics of the Middle Ages is concerned. Apart from Vieta, who lived as late as the sixteenth century, and mathematicians closer in time to us, a school course of mathematics does not mention a single name connected with the Middle Ages. This is, of course, no accident. In that epoch the science developed extremely slowly, and mathematicians of real stature were few.

      The greater then is the interest of the work Liber Abacci (a book about the abacus), written by the remarkable Italian mathematician, Leonardo of Pisa, who is better known by his nickname Fibonacci (an abbreviation of filius Bonacci). This book, written in 1202, has survived in its second version, belonging to 1228.

      Liber Abacci is a voluminous work, containing nearly all the arithmetical and algebraic knowledge of those times. It played a notable part in the development of mathematics in Western Europe in subsequent centuries. In particular, it was from this book that Europeans became acquainted with the Hindu (Arabic) numerals.

      The theory contained in Liber Abacci is illustrated by a great many examples, which make up a significant part of the book.

      Let us consider one of these examples, that which can be found on pages 123-124 of the manuscript of 1228:

      How many pairs of rabbits are born of one pair in a year?

      This problem is stated in the form:-

      "Someone placed a pair of rabbits in a certain place, enclosed on all sides by a wall, to find out how many pairs of rabbits will be born there in the course of one year, it being assumed that every month a pair of rabbits produces another pair, and that rabbits begin to bear young two months after their own birth.

      "As the first pair produces issue in the first month, in this month there will be 2 pairs. Of these, one pair, namely the first one, gives birth in the following month, so that in the second month there will be 3 pairs. Of these, 2 pairs will produce issue in the following month, so that in the third month 2 more pairs of rabbits will be born, and the number of pairs of rabbits in that month will reach 5; of which 3 pairs will produce issue in the fourth month, so that the number of pairs of rabbits will then reach 8. Of these, 5 pairs will produce a further 5 pairs, which, added to the 8 pairs, will give 13 pairs in the fifth month. Of these, 5 pairs do not produce issue in that month but the other 8 do, so that in the sixth month 21 pairs result. Adding the 13 pairs that will be born in the seventh month, 34 pairs are obtained: added to the 21 pairs born in the eighth month it becomes 55 pairs in that month: this, added to the 34 pairs born in the ninth month, becomes 89 pairs: and

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