101 Questions About the Seashore
By Sy Barlowe
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About this ebook
Have you ever wondered why the sea is salty or if the ocean ever freezes? Or how starfishes see? If you have, then this fascinating guide to plants and animals that thrive along the ocean's edge is just for you.
The veteran illustrator and nature writer Sy Barlowe provides answers to these and scores of other sea-related questions through accurate drawings and concise text about barnacles, sea anemones, mollusks, arthropods, crustaceans, tidal pools, seaweed, shorebirds, quahogs, shipworms, and many other life forms found in shoreline habitats.
This informative and lively guide will not only open up new worlds to the reader but will also promote an awareness of seashore environments and the importance of preserving them.
Sy Barlowe
Sy Barlowe contributed to nature guides from Golden Guides and St. Martin's Press, including Reptiles of North America.
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101 Questions About the Seashore - Sy Barlowe
Seashore
1. Introduction
1. Why do we study the life of the shore and shallow sea? Almost three fourths of the earth is covered by water, in which life had its origin. We all carry that heritage in the salt content of our blood. Along the edges of the oceans and seas lie narrow bands of land, seashores, which are home to an astounding variety of life forms. Entire species of animals and plants are largely governed by the ebb and flow of the sea: barnacles, starfish, sea anemones, and seaweed, whose unique life cycles depend on their exposure to the air for at least an hour or two every day. Others thrive beyond the immediate influence of the tides, amidst the eelgrass and seaside plants. The survival and well-being of the inhabitants of the seashores depend on the vagaries of daily and seasonal changes in temperature, light, and humidity.
The kinds of animals that are found at the shore vary with the kinds of coastline and climate. The life of the rocky coast of Maine differs from that of the sandy shores of Long Island, and that of tropical regions differs from both.
The shoreline is a dynamic entity, constantly changed by the action of the wind and waves. Storm waves erode beach cliffs, carrying away tons of sand to be deposited elsewhere and creating new land forms in the endless battle between sea and shore. An awareness of this interplay of forces is essential to preserving the environmental integrity of these vital areas.
2. What kinds of shore habitats are there? The most familiar area is the sandy beach, the least productive habitat for animals and plants because of the crashing surf and shifting sands. Here the only life is hidden beneath the surface in burrows. Rocky shores present a more interesting habitat, providing anchors for seaweed, barnacles, anemones, and snails and hiding places for crabs, starfish, and sea urchins. When the tide recedes, it leaves tide pools, variously sized puddles of seawater among the rocks. These pools are filled with a great variety of living creatures. Mud flats and estuaries are yet another environment teeming with life forms.
3. How does the sea affect our climate? As the primary source of the atmospheric moisture that becomes rainfall, the oceans provide the freshwater necessary for life on earth. The sun warms the sea, causing evaporation; as the vapor condenses, it creates clouds and, eventually, rain. The rain finds its way to rivers, where it completes the cycle by returning to the sea. Inland temperature variations are caused in part by winds that have been warmed or cooled by ocean currents.
2. General
4. Why is the sea salty? Billions of years ago the ocean waters were almost salt-free. As the seawater evaporated, formed clouds, turned into rain, and poured