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    A Simple Guide to Congenital Heart Diseases
    A Simple Guide to Congenital Heart Diseases
    A Simple Guide to Congenital Heart Diseases
    Ebook73 pages55 minutes

    A Simple Guide to Congenital Heart Diseases

    By Kenneth Kee

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    About this ebook

    What is Congenital heart disease?

    Congenital Heart Disease is an abnormality or defect in the heart when the baby is born.

    Who is at risk of having a Congenital Heart Disease?

    Familial:

    1. Poor development of the heart during the first 3 months of pregnancy either due to genetics or family history.

    External factors in development of the Congenital Heart Disease:

    2. Poorly controlled blood sugar in women who have diabetes during pregnancy

    3. Medications or drugs taken during pregnancy such as thalidomide (ASD,VSD)
    Drugs such as retinoic acid for acne, other chemicals or alcohol

    4. Infections during the first three months of pregnancy such as Rubella virus or German measles (rare now because of rubella vaccination), other viruses or bacteria (VSD, PDA, valve disease)

    What are the types of Congenital Heart Diseases?

    Congenital heart disease (CHD) can describe a number of different problems affecting the heart.

    It is the most common type of birth defect.

    Congenital heart disease causes more deaths in the first year of life than any other birth defects.

    Congenital heart disease is often divided into two types:
    1. Cyanotic:

    Tetralogy of Fallot 10%
    Transposition of the great vessels 10%
    Ebstein's anomaly
    Hypoplastic left heart
    Pulmonary atresia
    Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
    Tricuspid atresia

    2. Non-cyanotic:

    Ventricular septal defect (VSD) 20%
    Atrial septal defect (ASD) 10%
    Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) 15%
    Pulmonary stenosis 3%
    Aortic stenosis 1%
    Coarctation of the aorta 6%
    Atrioventricular canal (endocardial cushion defect)

    These problems may occur alone or together.
    Most children with congenital heart disease do not have other types of birth defects.

    What are the symptoms of Congenital Heart Diseases?

    Symptoms:
    Symptoms of Congenital Heart Disease depend on the nature and severity of the defect or defects:

    There may be no symptoms until examined by a doctor during routine physical examination of newborn

    1. A heart murmur may be heard during examination of the heart but may not indicate Congenital Heart Disease.
    Other heart murmurs are typical of a narrowed pulmonary (PS) or aortic valve or other heart defect.

    2. Breathing difficulty on exertion or after feeding

    3. Feeding problems -in baby with Congenital Heart Disease heart failure causes the inability of the heart to pump efficiently resulting in slow feeding and inability to finish feeds

    4. Loss of weight may occur because of feeding problem

    5. Cyanosis of the lips and tongue indicates insufficient oxygen is delivered to the body from the heart to the lungs. The lack of oxygen causes some tissues to appear bluish in color.

    How is Congenital Heart Disease diagnosed?

    The pediatrician will usually refer the affected baby to a pediatric cardiologist for further tests:
    1. Diagnosis of Heart defect from birth

    2. Chest X-Ray to see the shape of the heart

    3. ECG to record rhythm and heart rate

    4. Ultrasound scans of the heart (echocardiography) to check the flow of blood in and out of the heart and the nature and severity of the heart defect.

    Most congenital heart defects are found during a pregnancy ultrasound.

    Having medical care ready at the delivery can mean the difference between life and death for some babies.

    TABLE OF CONTENT
    Chapter 1 Congenital Heart Diseases

    Chapter 2 Differential Diagnosis

    Chapter 3 Ventral Septal Defect

    Chapter 4 Atrial Septal defect

    Chapter 5 Patent Ductus Arteriosus

    Chapter 6 Tetralogy Of Fallot

    Chapter 7 Coarctation of Aorta

    Chapter 8 Transposition of Great Arteries

    Chapter 9 Pulmonary Stenosis

    Chapter 10 Aortic Stenosis

    Epilogue

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherKenneth Kee
    Release dateOct 13, 2013
    ISBN9781301399116
    A Simple Guide to Congenital Heart Diseases
    Author

    Kenneth Kee

    Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

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      Book preview

      A Simple Guide to Congenital Heart Diseases - Kenneth Kee

      A

      Simple

      Guide

      to

      CONGENITAL

      HEART

      DISEASES

      by

      Dr Kenneth Kee

      M.B., B.S. (Singapore)

      Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)

      Copyright Kenneth Kee 2013 Smashwords Edition

      Published By Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com

      Dedication

      This book is dedicated

      to my wife Dorothy

      and my children

      Carolyn, Grace

      and Kelvin

      This book describes the Congenital Heart Diseases and their Management such as Ventricular Septal Defect, Atrial Septal Defect, Patent Ductus Arteriosus, Tetralogy of Fallot, Pulmonary Stenosis, which are seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.

      This eBook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.

      If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.

      Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.

      Chapter 1

      Congenital Heart Diseases

      What is Congenital heart disease?

      Congenital Heart Disease is an abnormality or defect in the heart when the baby is born.

      Congenital Heart Disease is the most common serious birth defect and occurs in 0.7 per cent of children.

      Who is at risk of having a Congenital Heart Disease?

      Familial:

      1. Poor development of the heart during the first 3 months of pregnancy either due to genetics or family history.

      External factors in development of the Congenital Heart Disease:

      2. Poorly controlled blood sugar in women who have diabetes during pregnancy

      3. Medications or drugs taken during pregnancy such as thalidomide (ASD,VSD)

      Drugs such as retinoic acid for acne, other chemicals or alcohol

      4. Infections during the first three months of pregnancy such as Rubella virus or German measles (rare now because of rubella vaccination), other viruses or bacteria (VSD, PDA, valve disease)

      What are the types of Congenital Heart Diseases?

      Congenital heart disease (CHD) can describe a number of different problems affecting the heart.

      It is the most common type of birth defect.

      Congenital heart disease causes more deaths in the first year of life than any other birth defects.

      Congenital heart disease is often divided into two types:

      1. Cyanotic:

      Tetralogy of Fallot 10%

      Transposition of the great vessels 10%

      Ebstein's anomaly

      Hypoplastic left heart

      Pulmonary atresia

      Total anomalous pulmonary venous return

      Tricuspid atresia

      2. Non-cyanotic:

      Ventricular septal defect (VSD) 20%

      Atrial septal defect (ASD) 10%

      Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) 15%

      Pulmonary stenosis 3%

      Aortic stenosis 1%

      Coarctation of the aorta 6%

      Atrioventricular canal (endocardial cushion defect)

      These problems may occur alone or together.

      Most children with congenital heart disease do not have other types of birth defects.

      However, heart defects can be part of genetic and chromosome syndromes.

      Some of these syndromes may be passed down through families:

      Down syndrome

      Marfan syndrome

      Turner syndrome

      DiGeorge syndrome

      Noonan syndrome

      Trisomy 13

      What are

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