Saudi Arabia and the New Strategic Landscape
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Saudi Arabia and the New Strategic Landscape - Joshua Teitelbaum
HERBERT AND JANE DWIGHT WORKING GROUP ON ISLAMISM AND THE INTERNATIONAL ORDER
Many of the writings associated with this Working Group will be published by the Hoover Institution. Materials published to date, or in production, are listed below.
ESSAYS
Saudi Arabia and the New Strategic Landscape
Joshua Teitelbaum
Islamism and the Future of the Christians of the Middle East
Habib C. Malik
Syria through Jihadist Eyes: A Perfect Enemy
Nibras Kazimi
The Ideological Struggle for Pakistan
Ziad Haider
BOOKS
Freedom or Terror: Europe Faces Jihad
Russell A. Berman
HERBERT & JANE DWIGHT WORKING GROUP ON ISLAMISM AND THE INTERNATIONAL ORDER
SAUDI ARABIA AND THE NEW STRATEGIC LANDSCAPE
Joshua Teitelbaum
HOOVER INSTITUTION PRESS
Stanford University
Stanford, California
The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, founded at Stanford University in 1919 by Herbert Hoover, who went on to become the thirty-first president of the United States, is an interdisciplinary research center for advanced study on domestic and international affairs. The views expressed in its publications are entirely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the staff, officers, or Board of Overseers of the Hoover Institution.
www.hoover.org
Hoover Institution Press Publication No. 586
Hoover Institution at Leland Stanford Junior University, Stanford, California, 94305–6010
Copyright 2010 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission of the publisher and copyright holders.
First printing 2010
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Manufactured in the United States of America
Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-0-8179-1105-8 (pbk)
ISBN 978-0-8179-1106-5 (e-book)
The Hoover Institution gratefully acknowledges the following individuals and foundations for their significant support of the
HERBERT AND JANE DWIGHT WORKING GROUP ON ISLAMISM AND THE INTERNATIONAL ORDER
Herbert and Jane Dwight
Stephen Bechtel Foundation
Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation
Mr. and Mrs. Clayton W. Frye Jr.
Lakeside Foundation
CONTENTS
Foreword by Fouad Ajami
Introduction
Background: The Genesis of Saudi Arabian Security Concerns
Twin Pillars: Saudi Arabia and Iran as U.S. Allies in the Persian Gulf
A Pillar Collapses: From the Iranian Revolution to the End of the Cold War
The New Strategic Landscape
The U.S. and Saudi Security: Failing to Understand the New Strategic Landscape
Notes
About the Author
About the Hoover Institution’s Herbert and Jane Dwight Working Group on Islamism and the International Order
Index
FOREWORD
FOR DECADES, the themes of the Hoover Institution have revolved around the broad concerns of political and economic and individual freedom. The cold war that engaged and challenged our nation during the twentieth century guided a good deal of Hoover’s work, including its archival accumulation and research studies. The steady output of work on the communist world offers durable testimonies to that time, and struggle. But there is no repose from history’s exertions, and no sooner had communism left the stage of history than a huge challenge arose in the broad lands of the Islamic world. A brief respite, and a meandering road, led from the fall of the Berlin Wall on 11/9 in 1989 to 9/11. Hoover’s newly launched project, the Herbert and Jane Dwight Working Group on Islamism and the International Order, is our contribution to a deeper understanding of the struggle in the Islamic world between order and its nemesis, between Muslims keen to protect the rule of reason and the gains of modernity, and those determined to deny the Islamic world its place in the modern international order of states. The United States is deeply engaged, and dangerously exposed, in the Islamic world, and we see our working group as part and parcel of the ongoing confrontation with the radical Islamists who have declared war on the states in their midst, on American power and interests, and on the very order of the international state system.
The Islamists are doubtless a minority in the world of Islam. But they are a determined breed. Their world is the Islamic emirate, led by self-styled emirs and mujahedeen in the path of God
and legitimized by the pursuit of the caliphate that collapsed with the end of the Ottoman