Raging Against the Machine

Mohsin Dawar began writing in 2016. His first article, written on the encouragement of an academic friend, was about the new social contract being offered to internally displaced people returning to Waziristan, part of the Pashtun heartland of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, after the Pakistan army successfully concluded operations against militant groups in the region. Dawar had led the Awami National Party’s humanitarian efforts among the IDPs over the past three years, raising money, distributing rations and establishing a school. Now, in his writings and speeches, he raised a number of issues faced by the returnees, including the army’s demolition of thousands of shops in his hometown of Miranshah.

Dawar’s great-grandfather had been close to the pre-Independence Pashtun leader Abdul Ghaffar Khan, whose son founded the ANP. While attending Gomal University, Dawar was president of the Pashtun Students’ Federation, the ANP’s student wing. He also co-founded its youth wing, the National Youth Organisation. However, his public anti-military positions began to annoy ANP leaders, especially those looking to avoid confrontation with Pakistan’s military establishment. “The party leadership was told that this person was creating trouble,” Dawar told me. “Afsandyar Wali”—the ANP president—“was very upset.” This annoyance only grew as Dawar became one of the most prominent leaders of a popular movement articulating the aspirations of Pakistan’s second-largest ethnic group.

In the spring of 2017, Mashal Khan, a Pashtun student at Abdul Wali Khan University in Mardan, was lynched on campus. “I was horrified when I heard of this incident,” Dawar said. After failed attempts to contact PSF leaders, he issued a